The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) is India’s first comprehensive data privacy law. Passed by
Parliament in August 2023 and operationalised through the DPDP Rules 2025 notified on 13 November 2025, it governs how
organisations collect, store, process, and delete personal data of Indian citizens. This site contains the full
annotated text of all 44 Articles and all 10 Rules — published by Secure Privacy, trusted by 15,000+ businesses globally
for privacy compliance.
What Is the DPDPA?
It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
appoint and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of…
Who Must Comply
Subject to the provisions of this Act, it shall— (a) apply to the processing of digital personal data within the
territory of India where the personal data is collected…
Key Penalties
If the Board determines on conclusion of an inquiry that breach of the provisions of this Act or the rules made
thereunder by a person is significant, it may, after giving the person an opportunity of…
Browse the DPDPA by Chapter
Chapter I
Preliminary – Sections 1-3
3 Articles
Short title, definitions and application of the Act.
Chapter II
Obligations of Data Fiduciary – Sections 4-10
7 Articles
Rules for processing personal data, consent and obligations.
Chapter III
Rights and Duties of Data Principal – Sections 11-15
5 Articles
User rights like access, correction and grievance.
Chapter IV
Special Provisions – Sections 16-17
2 Articles
Data processing outside India and exemptions.
Chapter V
Data Protection Board of India – Sections 18-26
9 Articles
Structure and working of Data Protection Board.
Chapter VI
Powers & Procedure – Sections 27-28
2 Articles
Functions and procedures of the Board.
Chapter VII
Appeal & ADR – Sections 29-32
4 Articles
Appeals and dispute resolution process.
Chapter VIII
Penalties & Adjudication – Sections 33-34
2 Articles
Penalties and enforcement rules.
Chapter IX
Miscellaneous – Sections 35-44
10 Articles
General provisions and government powers.